Myeloma

Myeloma is also known as multiple myeloma.

Incurable malignancy of plasma cells in the bone marrow, leading to:

• Bone destruction
  • Bone pain
  • Fractures
  • Bone marrow failure
    • Cytopenia
    • Immunocompromise
• Monoclonal protein production

Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Pathophysiology

Aetiology

Clinical Features

Presentation:

• Bone pain
• Fractures
• Bone marrow failure
  • Anaemia
  • Immunocompromise

Assessment

History:

Exam:

Investigations

Bedside:

Laboratory:

Imaging:

Other:

Diagnostic Approach and DDx

Management

Goals of management

Resuscitation:

Specific therapy:

• Pharmacological
• Procedural
• Physical

Supportive care:

Disposition:

Preventative:

Marginal and Ineffective Therapies

Anaesthetic Considerations

Complications

• F
  • Renal failure
    • Light chain deposition
    • Hypercalcaemia
    • Amyloidosis

Prognosis

Key Studies

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References

1. Bersten, A. D., & Handy, J. M. (2018). Oh’s Intensive Care Manual. Elsevier Gezondheidszorg.