Hypertension

Hypertension:

Epidemiology and Risk Factors

Very high prevalence and incidence, and affecting ⩾1 billion people worldwide.

Risk factors:

  • Age
  • Male
  • Black

Complications are associated with:

  • DBP ⩾110mmHg

Pathophysiology

Aetiology

Clinical Manifestations

Diagnostic Approach and DDx

Investigations

Management

Anaesthetic Considerations

Perioperative hypertension is common and requires individualised management.

  • C
    • Perioperative hypertensive emergency
      Defined as acute ↑ ⩾20% from baseline.
    • For elective surgery; aim SBP ⩽180mmHg and DBP ⩽110mmHg
      No evidence that controlling BP below this lowers perioperative risk.

Marginal and Ineffective Therapies

Complications

Prognosis

Key Studies

References

  1. Varon J, Marik PE. Perioperative hypertension management. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2008 Jun;4(3):615–27.